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The development of electronic antenna
As a key component of radio communication, broadcasting, navigation and radar systems, the development of electronic antenna has witnessed the brilliant chapter of human science and technology progress. Since the end of the 19th century, the German physicist Hertz first designed and verified the electromagnetic wave antenna system, the electronic antenna technology has undergone the evolution from simple to complex, from single to diverse.
In the early days, antennas mainly existed in the form of wire antennas, such as the dipole antenna designed by Hertz and the ocean communication antenna implemented by Marconi, which mainly served long-wave communication and promoted the initial application of radio technology. In the 1930s, with the invention of microwave klystron and magnetron, surface antennas gradually emerged, such as parabolic reflector antennas, etc., which were widely used in the field of radar and microwave communication, greatly expanding the utilization range of radio spectrum.
After the Second World War, antenna technology entered a period of rapid development, not only the antenna forms are more diversified, such as waveguide slot antenna, spiral antenna and so on have come out, but also established the basic theory of aperture antenna, such as geometric optics, aperture field method, etc., to provide a solid theoretical basis for antenna design. At the same time, the development of antenna testing technology and antenna array synthesis technology has further improved the performance and application effect of the antenna.
In modern times, with the rapid development of satellite communication, mobile communication and other technologies, antenna technology is also constantly innovative, such as high-gain, broadband, low sidelobe and other new antennas continue to emerge, providing a strong support for modern wireless communication systems. In addition, the advancement of electronic computers, microelectronics technology and modern materials has also provided a strong impetus for the continuous development of antenna technology.
In summary, the development of electronic antenna is the epitome of scientific and technological progress, and its continuous innovation and development have made important contributions to the information process of human society.